Crop production is constantly threatened by increasing difficulties in controlling insect pests, and synthetic pesticides are still relied upon by a vast majority of the farmers for minimizing the losses due to insect pests. Massive application of pesticides to control insect pests has resulted in adverse effects on the beneficial organisms and the environment. It is in this context that the use of biotechnological techniques for insect control has become all the more important. The potential of recombinant technologies to allow a greater modification than is possible with conventional methods has raised some concerns. Therefore, it is important to have a critical look at the comparative assessment of the, "Environmental Safety of Biotech and Conventional IPM Technologies", to make informed decisions in pest management for sustainable crop production.